[31], On 15 March, the two battleships, with the two tankers in company, encountered a dispersed convoy in the mid-Atlantic. He died on 7 April 1991, in Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany, at the age of 88. [12] Krmper was the Prussian Armys term for retired or former soldier. The Inspector General Administration is a criminal justice agency established in 1972 and expanded in 2015 via Executive Order No. Napoleon expected that a series of fast defeats and costly battles would knock either Russia or Prussia out of the war, but they did not falter. [15] During the brief engagement, Rawalpindi managed to score a hit on Scharnhorst, which caused minor splinter damage. [14] Trevor N. Dupuy, A Genius For War: The German Army And General Staff, 18071945 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977),24. [44], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. When the French Revolution shook Europe in 1789 and the subsequent First Revolutionary War (1792-1795) thrust the continent into twenty-three years of bloodshed, Scharnhorst had the fame of a great expert. On the contrary, a badly prepared oneespecially a badly prepared staff officerwas an insecure actor relying on his limited experience alone. Invalid memorial. The explosion caused splinter damage and disabled the ammunition hoists for the 37mm anti-aircraft guns. In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. Hoffmann served as the ship's captain until 1942. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. Later that day, reconnaissance aircraft located a convoy of some 20 transports escorted by cruisers and destroyers approximately 400 nautical miles (740 kilometres; 460 miles) west of Troms. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. The Halifax heavy bombers of No. Unlike his more famous student Clausewitz, he preferred composing short essays and often sought to publish them quickly as a way to engage in ongoing debates. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 15cm (5.9in) L/55 guns, eight of which were placed in two-gun turrets and the remaining four were carried in individual turrets. Clausewitz, as Donald Stoker states, thoroughly imbibed the history-based analytical method of Scharnhorst.[19]. In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. Less than ten minutes later, a shell from Gneisenau struck the bridge and killed Glorious's captain. [9], Scharnhorst was ordered as Ersatz Elsass as a replacement for the old pre-dreadnought Elsass, under the contract name "D."[4] The Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 16 July 1935. [13], By 17:16, Rawalpindi was burning badly and in the process of sinking. 1 (1832): 214. [64] The battleship was hit twice by 20.3cm (8in) shells; the first failed to explode and caused negligible damage, but the second struck the forward rangefinders and destroyed the radar antenna. Work was completed by September, and the ship conducted further training in the Baltic. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. Scharnhorst was appointed to helm the Institute in the Military Science for Young Infantry and Cavalry Officers in Berlin, perhaps better known as the Kriegsakademie. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. Scharnhorst steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of Prinz Eugen and Ltzow earlier in the year. As a result, she went back to the dockyard for extensive modification of the bow. by Peter Paret and Daniel Moran (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 101. At 17:30, shells struck the forward 15cm gun turrets and destroyed them both. A Genius For War: The German Army And General Staff, 18071945. On the contrary, the Prussian military reformers worked to institutionalize the general staff and establish it as a dynamic and assertive entity. Appointed as the head of the Military Reorganization Commission, Scharnhorst now rushed to capitalize on the momentum the political overhaul had created. By 07:15, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had used their superior speed to escape from the pursuing Renown. Also known as: Mr Friedrich G Sauer, Mr Friedrich Sauer. [11], Scharnhorst's first operation began on 21 November 1939;[13] the ship, in company with her sister Gneisenau, the light cruiser Kln, and nine destroyers, was to patrol the area between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Friedrich Armand Strubberg: Carl Scharnhorst. [10] The ship was launched on 3 October 1936, witnessed by Adolf Hitler, Minister of War Generalfeldmarschall Werner von Blomberg, and the widow of Kapitn zur See Schultz, the commander of the armored cruiser Scharnhorst, which had been sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islands during World War I. Fitting-out work followed her launch, and was completed by January 1939. Genealogy for Friedrich Ludewig Scharnhorst (c.1719 - 1752) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Oops, something didn't work. His principal staff officer, Louis Alexandre Berthier, was an experienced and hard-working subordinate able to translate the emperors wishes into stellar orders. The two ships then refueled from the tankers Uckermark and Ermland on 12 March. The German warships were protected by poor visibility, however, and the three ships safely reached port later that day. The reformers turned their attention to what Trevor N. Dupuy calls a system of institutionalized military excellence.[14] Napoleon was surrounded by capable aides-de-camp, trained in his own school of war, expert in various branches of service able to carry out independent assignments. Malaya turned on the two battleships and closed to 24,000m (26,000yd), well within the range of the Germans' guns, but Ltjens refused to be drawn into an engagement. He was, in fact, born in the Electorate of Brunswick-Lneburg (better known by its most important city Hanover), and not Prussia, on November 12, 1775. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. [36], After repairs were completed in July, Scharnhorst went to La Pallice for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56km/h; 35mph). Current address. Try again later. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Erich Bey, by now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given command of the task force. Her anti-aircraft armament consisted of fourteen 10.5cm L/65 and sixteen 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 L/83, and initially ten 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. [5] It would be this generous behavior Scharnhorst would replicate later when interacting with students and subordinates. ", At 18:42, Duke of York ceased fire, having fired 52 salvos and having scored at least 13 hits, but Scharnhorst was pulling away. Scharnhorst's commander, KzS Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000m (25,000yd) in an attempt to lure Ramillies away from the convoy so that Gneisenau could attack the convoy. His tenure as the ship's commander was brief; in September 1939, an illness forced him to go on sick leave, and he was replaced by KzS Kurt-Caesar Hoffmann. Temporary repairs allowed Scharnhorst to return to 22 knots (41km/h; 25mph). The fourth hit the ship in the bow. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Geni requires JavaScript! Scharnhorst), Circa 1719 - Hannverschen, Bremen, Prussia, Mar 28 1752 - Eggestedt, Lesum Parish, Bremen, Prussia, Becke Margrethe Gloistein (born Scharnhorst), Eggestedt, Schwanewede, Osterholz, Lower Saxony, Germany, Death of Friedrich Ludewig Scharnhorst at Eggestedt. While his position as a mentor to Clausewitz is of no small significance, Scharnhorst deserves recognition for his ideas, and they should be studied in their own right. The economical but dense writing was typical for Scharnhorst. The original straight stem was replaced with a raised "Atlantic bow." Distilling seemingly timeless principles of war and claiming that they constituted the secret of the Corsicans astounding victories, Dietrich Heinrich von Blow, Mathieu Dumas, and Antoine-Henri Jomini became best-selling authors. During the repair process, the aircraft catapult that had been installed on the rear gun turret was removed. Scharnhorst, from a portrait by Friedrich Bury (Britannica). Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. Please enter a valid Memorial ID. This account has been disabled. Blamed for the disaster at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass was pushed out of the service in a swift and shocking move. Several days later, the main body of the convoy was located, and Scharnhorst sank another seven ships totaling 27,277 tons. The Reformer and His Circle As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. The next spring, Scharnhorst moved to Berlin. [21] The purpose of the sortie was to interrupt Allied efforts to resupply the Norwegians and to relieve the pressure on German troops fighting in Norway. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. During operations off Norway, the two ships engaged the battlecruiser HMSRenown and sank the aircraft carrier HMSGlorious as well as her escort destroyers Acasta and Ardent. Please enter your email and password to sign in. [11] Scharnhorst was commissioned into the fleet on 9 January for sea trials,[12] which revealed a dangerous tendency to ship considerable amounts of water in heavy seas. The blast also damaged the fuel oil pumps and the bearings in the turbo-generators, which brought the ship to a halt. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Friedrich Fritz Fred Scharnhorst I found on Findagrave.com. With only turret Caesar operational, all available men were sent to retrieve ammunition from the forward turrets to keep the last heavy guns supplied. ). The explosion killed or injured 34 men and prompted the crew to flood the magazines for turret Caesar as a precaution against a magazine explosion. As Acasta sank, one of the 4 torpedoes she had fired hit Scharnhorst at 19:39. [50], While the ship was immobilized, Admiral Ciliax transferred to Z29. Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. Simultaneously, Scharnhorst created the Military Society (Militrische Gesellschaft), where many of the ideas and personalities would emerge that later transformed the Prussian Army and ultimately led it to its victory over Napoleon. [39] One of the 227kg bombs hit the deck just forward of the starboard 15cm twin turret next to the conning tower. Yet Napoleons general staff remained an organization built around his personal needs, without continuity and authority of its own. The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805. [52] Another attempt to reach Norway was canceled under similar circumstances. [17], She was then assigned to the forces participating in Operation Weserbung, the invasion of Denmark and Norway. Family inheritance and improvement in social status allowed Scharnhorsts parents to dream big for their son, though. Carl von Clausewitz. Prussia was still in the midst of its decade of neutrality, when after the Peace of Basel in 1795 it observed from a safer distance the continuing Revolutionary Wars and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. He received a wound in the foot in the Battle of Grossgrschen on May 2, 1813, not serious enough to stop him from traveling on a diplomatic mission. Heavy seas and the high speed with which the pair of battleships escaped caused them to ship large amounts of water forward. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. and trans. The third 454kg bomb hit aft of the rear 28cm turret, about 3m (9.8ft) from the side of the ship. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. The flooding caused a 5degree list, increased the stern draft by almost a meter, and forced Scharnhorst to reduce speed to 20 knots (37km/h; 23mph). Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). [29] The ship's machinery was also significantly damaged by the flooding, and the starboard propeller shaft was destroyed. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? At this time of year, there was only 45minutes of full daylight and six hours of twilight, which significantly limited Bey's operational freedom. 518 N Magnolia Ave, Lansing, MI, 48912-3125. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff. Canadian Defense Forces Publication. [31] One of the surviving ships radioed the location of the German battleships, which summoned the powerful British battleships Rodney and King George V. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau used their high speed to escape in a squall, and the intervention by the British battleships convinced Ltjens that the chances of further success were small. Friedrich Philipp Scharnhorst (1666 - Unknown) How do we create a person's profile? Charles Edward White. As Scharnhorsts life and legacy remain less known than Clausewitzs, the following passages also offer a brief introduction. The ship had an armored deck that was 20 to 40mm (0.79 to 1.57in) thick on the flat portion, increasing to 105mm (4.1in) on downward-sloping sides that connected to the bottom of the belt. Reorganisation by Carl Rchling (Wikimedia). He passed away on 29 APR 1889. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. 1804 it was first found in the archives and published in Rudolf Stadelmann, Scharnhorst: Schicksal und Geistige Welt (Wiesbaden: Limes Verlag, 1952), 155-156. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. The subjects had to become citizens of the state and this new political reality, eager to defend that state. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. Search above to list available cemeteries. Verify and try again. The text could be also found in Scharnhorst, Ausgewhlte Schriften, 147-150. Make sure that the file is a photo. Tagged: Scharnhorst, Clausewitz, Translation, Introducing #Scharnhorst: The Vision of an Enlightened Soldier On Experience and Theory, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier., General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff., Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff,, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier,. The blast damaged the ship's circuit breakers and knocked out her electrical system for 20minutes. In his instructions to Bey, Dnitz advised him to break off the engagement if presented with superior forces, but to remain aggressive. Repair work lasted until July, which caused the ship to be unavailable during Operation Rheinbung, the sortie by the new battleship Bismarck in May 1941. [25] They also sank the two destroyers. The Education of the Enlightened Soldier. MCU Journal Vol. General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. Only the centerline shaft was operational, which permitted a speed of only 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). Bismarck had been sunk on 27 May. Praise for Death in Focus [67] By 12:00, Scharnhorst was to the northeast of the convoy, but Belfast had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing. View Full Report . Oops, we were unable to send the email. They were detected in the Skagerrak and the heavy units of the British Home Fleet deployed to cover the passage between Iceland and the Faroes. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [21], At 17:45, the German battleships spotted the British aircraft carrier Glorious and two escorting destroyers, Ardent and Acasta, at a range of some 40,000m (44,000yd; 25mi). Friedrich calls Lansing, MILansing, MI Drag images here or select from your computer for Friedrich Fritz Fred Scharnhorst memorial. Even in this moment of professional triumph, Scharnhorst had to swallow a bitter pill. German aircraft arrived later to jam British radar with chaff. [46] By 06:30, they had passed Cherbourg, at which point they were joined by a flotilla of torpedo boats. Friedrich Hugo Scharnhorst . [16], The destruction of the Grande Arme in Russia in 1812 finally provided Prussian reformers with an opportunity to create the long-sought peoples army. The only book-length study of Scharnhorsts legacy in English, Charles Edward Whites The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militrische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805, offers sizable extracts out of his writings. based on information from your browser. By a streak of good luck, Carl von Clausewitz belonged to Scharnhorsts first class at the Kriegsakademie. [13] Mechanical problems with her starboard turbines developed after running at full speed, which forced the ships to reduce speed to 25 knots (46km/h; 29mph). The next day, Scharnhorst left Stavanger for Kiel, where repairs were carried out, lasting some six months. Failed to remove flower. This quest for raising the bar might not produce a once-in-a-lifetime military genius with predictable regularity, but Scharnhorst believed it would inevitably lead to a qualitative change and institutionalize excellence. [50] The engine room crews managed to restart the first turbine at 15:49, nearly twenty minutes after the mine explosion. The Royal Navy joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship Rodney and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. [71], At around 18:00, another 14in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. [52], In early August 1942, Scharnhorst conducted exercises in cooperation with several U-boats. 1807. Unaware that they had been detected, the Germans had turned off their radar to prevent the British from picking up on the signals. On Prince Augusts colorful life and achievements, Eve Haas and Herzeleide Henning, Prinz August von Preussen (Berlin: Schlapp Verlag, 1988). His new commander was another extraordinary man, Emmerich von Estorff. [40][41][42], Two of the 454kg bombs hit amidships between the 15cm and 10.5cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. They had 8 children: Henry F Scharnhorst, Wilhelmina or Minnie Gnuse (born Scharnhorst)and 6 other children. On the 8th, a serious internal explosion occurred in the aft auxiliary machinery space above the armor deck. 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